Whose Voice Is It Anyway? Shared Authority Between Composers and Performers

December 10, 2010

As a composer, I am increasingly aware of the crucial importance (and pleasure) of collaboration between myself and performers in preparation for any performances of my work. In contrast to a recent tradition which places a burden on the score to carry all the information necessary to establish authority of meaning, I now deliberately leave creative spaces for performers to find their own voice. The actual process of collaboration is defined by many factors, not least the disposition and imagination of those involved.

In instrumental music, this often occurs in my music by the deliberate element of theatrical performance. My scores carry stage directions, but these must be translated into the contextual environment of the specific performance – a traditional dramatic technique. Only through the theatricality of a performance, performers become aware of the full extent of options which informs audience communication and individualises every performance uniquely. Rehearsals also reflect a need to experiment with all possibilities which are subsequently refined, but are subject to change. The score is often changed or adapted to reflect those factors.

In vocal music I have for some years been dispensing with text, allowing singers to create their own language and meaning; I invent the (non-semantic) sounds within a given context, to which the performer brings the detail. I am convinced that this allows character and plot full emphasis when required but removes linguistic and cultural barriers. Rehearsals are where the detail of the meaning or action is refined, where each performer creates their ownership of material, authority of the language and meaning through collaboration and synthesis. Inter-cultural audiences are able to view drama and music without the refraction of linguistics.

As a composer concerned with live performance, the individuality of the performer, their voice and the context in which it is presented are inimitably bound together. And my challenge is to find the balance between authoritative control and individual expression that enables a performer to breathe unique life into a composition, the performances of which might differ radically, while remaining recognisable.

Such notions of collaboration are not dependent upon the presence of the composer; if performers accept this creative ability as crucial, it becomes embedded int he process of working with a score, which is not an icon but more a film script.

This lecture-recital, with performer Frances M. Lynch, explores and demonstrates these issues.

Related Content

The Performer’s Voice 2nd Symposium

From the 25th – 28th of October, the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, National University of Singapore will host the second Performer’s Voice Symposium, Horizons Crossing Boundaries.

Welcome to the Performer’s Voice Online

The Performer’s Voice Online was launched following the highly successful 2009 symposium, The Performer’s Voice: An International Forum for Music Performance & Scholarship, convened by Dr Anne Marshman. The symposium’s original conceptual foundations, title, themes and objectives are derived from Dr Marshman’s research, particularly her musical applications of the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin. The Performer’s Voice was Yong Siew Toh Conservatory’s inaugural international performance symposium. It attracted 170 delegates from 22 countries (6 continents) and featured 65 presentations on the four themes: Towards Performance; Beyond the Score; My Instrument – My Voice; and Asian Voices. Initially populated with content derived from presentations filmed at the 2009 symposium, The Performer’s Voice Online is envisioned to be an evolving resource centre for interdisciplinary performance research. Its priority is to create a space where performers can play, speak, reflect, share, and explore.

Voices Lost & Liberated: Performer Meets Critical Theorist

The role played by some music scholarship in the inhibition of the performer’s voice during the twentieth century has been increasingly acknowledged in recent years. While much of this scholarship has been linked to the modernist aesthetic that prevailed for most of the previous century, the philosophy and theory that inform this demonstrate the capacity of scholarship, specifically the cultural theory of Mikhail Bakhtin, to liberate and empower rather than mute the performer’s voice. In this presentation, Dr Anne Marshman and Marcel Luxen explore the expressive, communicative and semantic implications of ‘performing’ cultural voices in music by Mozart, Beethoven, and Stravinsky. This presentation aims to promote performers’ conscious awareness of their musical voice, elements of which might well defy notation, but which can by no means be dismissed as extrinsic to music.

Where Things Stand Now

Professor Richard Taruskin (University of California, Berkeley) delivers the keynote address of the Performers Voice Symposium 2009. Professor Taruskin discusses the current state of performance studies research.

Beyond the Frenzy and the Drifts

Enrique Granados’ Goyescas is an enormous piano work of marvel and beauty. Its writing employs the most decorative style, harmonically and lineally, resulting in one of the most intricate and masterfully designed piano works of the late Romantic era. Almost at all times layers of counterparts interweave around the main melodic thread, and with all the elaborations and details to manipulate, a performer is prone to lose sight of the mental mapping of the musical structure during performance. Professor Hsin Hsing-Chwen (National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan) demonstrates a preferred learning process approaching these problematic movements. Through her presentation, Professor Hsin Hsing-Chwen shares her experience as a professional pianist engaged in complex memory building and also manifests her interpretation of the work.

Opening Night – Welcome Address

Professor Bernard Lanskey (Director, Yong Siew Toh Conservatory) delivers a welcome address and framing remarks to the 2009 Performers Voice Symposium (convened by Dr Anne Marshman). As part of the address, Dr Stephen Emmerson (Griffith Univesity, Queensland Conservatorium) juxtaposes Scarlatti’s Sonata in B minor (L33) and Brahms’ Intermezzo, B Minor Op 119 Pt 1 in a revealing demonstration of how artistic practice, scholarship and critical self-reflection may be realised through the act of performance.

The Act of Performance

Stephen Savage (Royal Northern College of Music) examines, through his own practice as a pianist, what the solo performer does, in the act of performance, to convey the content of a work to the listener. The range of treatments of sound and time are investigated, together with consideration of the role played by the performer’s body language, illusion and internally generated images. Factors deriving from innate characteristics and early training, and the distinction between personality and individuality are also explored in an attempt to account for the wide range of response to musical scores that listeners can experience when hearing performing artists.

From Performing to Teaching and Back Again: Re-thinking One-to-One Tuition

The performer-teacher plays a central role in conservatoires, moving between performing and teaching on a weekly, if not daily basis, and increasingly see these as interdependent activities, each informing the other and contributing to a holistic practice. In this presentation Dr Helena Gaunt (Guildhall School of Music and Drama) explores the potential of performer-teachers further. Dr Gaunt develops the idea of one-to-one tuition as creative collaboration, moving away from the traditional model of apprenticeship, and considering ways in which this form of teaching/learning may usefully come closer to forms of artistic collaborative practice.