Where Things Stand Now

December 12, 2010

Professor Richard Taruskin (University of California, Berkeley) delivers the keynote address at the Performers Voice Symposium 2009. Professor Taruskin discusses the current state of performance studies research.

This is an edited version of Professor Taruskin’s presentation. The full transcript of Richard Taruskin’s Keynote Address will appear in:  Anne Marshman (ed.), Performers’ Voices Across Centuries and Cultures (London: Imperial College Press, forthcoming 2011).

Musical excerpts in Professor Taruskin’s presentation are taken from the following recordings with the kind permission of EMI and Dr Kenneth Cooper:

Bach, J. S. (2003) Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major [Recorded by the Wiener Philharmoniker & Wilhelm Furtwangler]. On Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 / Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 & 5 [CD]. London: EMI Music.

Bach, J. S. (1998) Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major [Recorded by Dr Kenneth Cooper and the Berkshire Bach Ensemble]. On The Six Brandenburg Concerti – A New Years Tradition [CD, Out of Print]. Berkshire: Berkshire Bach Society.

Reference List

Adorno, T.W. “Bach gegen seine Liebhaver verteidigt,”, Gesammelte Schriften, vol. 10

Berry, Mark “Romantic Modernism: Bach, Furtwängler, and Adorno,” New German Critique, XXXV (2008)

Bowen, Jose “Can a Symphony Change? Establishing Methodology for the Historical Study of Performance Styles”, Bericht über den Internationaler Kongreß der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung: Musik als Text Freiburg im Breisgau 1993 (2 vols. Kassel, Basel, London & New York: Bärenreiter, 1998)

Clymer, Adam “An Appreciation: The Man Who Made Polling What it is,” New York Times, July 28, 1984

Cook, Nicholas and Everist, Mark Rethinking Music (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)

Furtwängler, Wilhelm “über Bach und die Interpretation alter Musik überhaupt,” in Aufzeichnungen, 1924-1954, ed. Elisabeth Furtwängler and Günter Birkner (Wiesbaden: Brockhaus, 1980)

Ingarden, Roman The Work of Music and the Problem of Its Identity, trans. Adam Czerniawski, ed. Jean G. Harrel (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986)

Johnson, James Listening in Paris (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995)

Kerman, Joseph Contemplating Music: Challenges to Musicology (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985)

Quinney, Robert “Period Polemics” (review of Bruce Haynes, The End of Early Music), Early Music, XXXVI (2008)

Rachmaninov, S.V. Literaturynoye naslediye, vol. 2 (Moscow: Sovetskiy kompozitor, 1980)

Redlich, Hans F. Claudio Monteverdi (London: Oxford University Press, 1952)

Taruskin, Richard “The Modern Sound of Early Music,” Text and Act (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995)

Riley, Matthew Musical Listening in the German Enlightenment: Attention, Wonder and Astonishment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004)

Walls, Peter “Historical Performance and the Modern Performer,” in John Rink, ed., Musical Performance: A Guide to Understanding (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002)

Audio Examples

Bach, J. S. (2003) Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major [Recorded by the Wiener Philharmoniker & Wilhelm Furtwangler]. On Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 / Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 & 5 [CD]. London: EMI Music.

Bach, J. S. (1998) Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major [Recorded by Dr Kenneth Cooper and the Berkshire Bach Ensemble]. On The Six Brandenburg Concerti – A New Years Tradition [CD, Out of Print]. Berkshire: Berkshire Bach Society.

Related Content

The Performer’s Voice 2nd Symposium

From the 25th – 28th of October, the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, National University of Singapore will host the second Performer’s Voice Symposium, Horizons Crossing Boundaries.

Welcome to the Performer’s Voice Online

The Performer’s Voice Online was launched following the highly successful 2009 symposium, The Performer’s Voice: An International Forum for Music Performance & Scholarship, convened by Dr Anne Marshman. The symposium’s original conceptual foundations, title, themes and objectives are derived from Dr Marshman’s research, particularly her musical applications of the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin. The Performer’s Voice was Yong Siew Toh Conservatory’s inaugural international performance symposium. It attracted 170 delegates from 22 countries (6 continents) and featured 65 presentations on the four themes: Towards Performance; Beyond the Score; My Instrument – My Voice; and Asian Voices. Initially populated with content derived from presentations filmed at the 2009 symposium, The Performer’s Voice Online is envisioned to be an evolving resource centre for interdisciplinary performance research. Its priority is to create a space where performers can play, speak, reflect, share, and explore.

Voices Lost & Liberated: Performer Meets Critical Theorist

The role played by some music scholarship in the inhibition of the performer’s voice during the twentieth century has been increasingly acknowledged in recent years. While much of this scholarship has been linked to the modernist aesthetic that prevailed for most of the previous century, the philosophy and theory that inform this demonstrate the capacity of scholarship, specifically the cultural theory of Mikhail Bakhtin, to liberate and empower rather than mute the performer’s voice. In this presentation, Dr Anne Marshman and Marcel Luxen explore the expressive, communicative and semantic implications of ‘performing’ cultural voices in music by Mozart, Beethoven, and Stravinsky. This presentation aims to promote performers’ conscious awareness of their musical voice, elements of which might well defy notation, but which can by no means be dismissed as extrinsic to music.

Whose Voice Is It Anyway? Shared Authority Between Composers and Performers

Professor Paul Barker (University of London) delivers a lecture-recital with performer Frances M. Lynch, exploring the collaboration between composer and performer. Professor Barker es that “As a composer concerned with live performance, the individuality of the performer, their voice and the context in which it is presented are inimitably bound together. And my challenge is to find the balance between authoritative control and individual expression that enables a performer to breathe unique life into a composition, the performances of which might differ radically, while remaining recognisable.”

Behind the Music: The Performer as Researcher

The performer’s conscious and subconscious processes in preparation for a concert or recital and their parallels with more traditional research has only recently come to broader scholarly attention. A number of important articles this decade, particularly in Rink’s Musical Performance (2002), the 2007 themed edition of The Dutch Journal of Music Theory, and the forthcoming Zurich University Yearbook based on an ELIA conference on the topic (2009), specifically deal with issues of process (with its interdependent and cyclical activities of preparation, rehearsal, interpretation, and reflection) and product, exploring its broader relationship to research. Professor Huib Schippers (Griffith University) expands on the findings of this research and discusses his experiences leading the Queensland Conservatorium Research Center and establishing a research culture focussed on the understanding of musical processes as research.

Beyond the Frenzy and the Drifts

Enrique Granados’ Goyescas is an enormous piano work of marvel and beauty. Its writing employs the most decorative style, harmonically and lineally, resulting in one of the most intricate and masterfully designed piano works of the late Romantic era. Almost at all times layers of counterparts interweave around the main melodic thread, and with all the elaborations and details to manipulate, a performer is prone to lose sight of the mental mapping of the musical structure during performance. Professor Hsin Hsing-Chwen (National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan) demonstrates a preferred learning process approaching these problematic movements. Through her presentation, Professor Hsin Hsing-Chwen shares her experience as a professional pianist engaged in complex memory building and also manifests her interpretation of the work.

The Act of Performance

Stephen Savage (Royal Northern College of Music) examines, through his own practice as a pianist, what the solo performer does, in the act of performance, to convey the content of a work to the listener. The range of treatments of sound and time are investigated, together with consideration of the role played by the performer’s body language, illusion and internally generated images. Factors deriving from innate characteristics and early training, and the distinction between personality and individuality are also explored in an attempt to account for the wide range of response to musical scores that listeners can experience when hearing performing artists.

Turning the Key in/to Performance

Developing the themes of Beyond the Score, Towards Performance and My Instrument – My Voice, Professor John Rink (University of Cambridge) discusses the ongoing role that scores can play as performances take shape over time.